V4 High Availability
Background
SARK HA V1 and V2 used Heartbeat and our own in-house written handlers for file replication and failover. The cluster was very reliable but limited in its ability to quickly fail-back after a protracted failover event, usually involving some level of manual intervention. SARK V4 high availability uses an openAIS stack with DRBD to create a true cluster. Whereas HA1/HA2 ran as a fixed primary/secondary pair, V4 is not particularly concerned which cluster element is currently active, except in one corner case; that of switching PRI circuits between cluster nodes during fail-over and fail-back (See the section on rhino support below). The three principle software components used by V4 HA are Pacemaker, Corosync and DRBD. In broad terms, Pacemaker is the cluster manager, Corosync is the cluster communication component (it replaces Heartbeat) and DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device) is the data manager. SARK, and indeed Asterisk, know little about the cluster although both components are aware that it is running.
Platform
V4 HA runs on Debian Wheezy. It cannot currently run on SME Server. This is not due to any architectural limitation of V4 HA but rather the difficulty of deploying the openAIS stack on SME Server 8.x. and it is unlikely that this will will change in the foreseeable future.
HA V3 vs HA V4
- No clean-up required after a V4 fail-over/fail-back
- V4 nodes run full firewall (V3 nodes require an upstream firewall)
- V4 nodes run Fail2ban (V3 runs ossec)
- V4 Node removal/replacement is much easier – nodes can be pre-prepared and sync is fully automated
- V4 clusters can detect and resolve Asterisk hangs and freezes
- V4 clusters need to be pre-planned from initial Linux install
- V3-HA upgrade to V4-HA requires a re-install
- V4 upgrade to V4-HA requires either a re-install or repartitioning (or an extra drive)
- V4 clusters can run at dynamic Eth0 IP addresses
- Rhino card support is much simplified in V4
- V4 Nodes require a minimum of 2 NICs (at least for production)
- V4 dedicated eth1 link is much faster and more robust than V3 serial link
- V4-HA requires a steep learning curve to fully understand
- V4 HA installation has been simplified with a helper utility
